I started using MATLAB as a graduate student in applied math classes dealing with things like Monte Carlo methods, uncertainty quantification, and numerical analysis.
You can find some problems that I used MATLAB for below, or use the navigation in the drop-down menu above (hover over “Programming” then “MATLAB” without clicking).
Numerical Approximations For Differential Equations
Frequentist Parameter Estimation
Bayesian Parameter Estimates
Latin Hypercube Sampling
Legendre Surrogate Methods